Problems (or games) involving several agents (or players) where the decisions (or strategies) of one of them affect the rest and vice versa are very common in economics. Game theory is the theory in charge of studying this type of situation. We distinguish several types of games: collaborative, where players act in search of a common reward; and competitive, where players act in search of their own reward. Within competitive games we distinguish, in turn, zero-sum games, where players who win do so at the expense of those who lose; and non-zero-sum games, where a player can change his strategy to improve his situation without worsening that of the others, or even improving the situation of the others as well. In game theory, concepts such as Nash Equilibrium and Pareto Optimality are of great relevance. In non-zero-sum competitive games, situations such as the famous Prisoner's Dilemma can occur, which raises interesting questions about the individual good and the common good. Gate-based quantum computation, through phenomena such as superposition or entanglement, offers novel answers to such dilemmas. While it is a theory that presents significant challenges, it also has great potential. It should be noted that quantum game theory is QETEL's most theoretical line of research. You can find more information in our white paper.
